Fibroids, also known as uterine leiomyomas, are noncancerous growths that develop in the uterus. They are quite common, affecting up to 80% of women by the age of 50. While many women with fibroids experience no symptoms, others may face issues like heavy menstrual bleeding, pelvic pain, and, in some cases, infertility.
But do fibroids cause infertility? The answer is complex and depends on several factors, including size, number, and location of the fibroids.
How Fibroids Can Affect Fertility
Fibroids can contribute to infertility in the following ways:
1. Blocking the Fallopian Tubes
If fibroids grow near the fallopian tubes, they can obstruct the passage of eggs from the ovaries, making fertilization difficult.
2. Interfering with Embryo Implantation
Fibroids that grow within the uterine cavity (submucosal fibroids) can distort the shape of the uterus, making it harder for a fertilized egg to implant.
3. Reducing Blood Supply to the Uterus
Some fibroids can limit blood flow to the endometrial lining, affecting implantation and increasing the risk of miscarriage.
4. Causing Uterine Contractions
Certain fibroids may trigger abnormal uterine contractions, which could make it difficult for an embryo to attach to the uterine wall.
5. Altering the Cervical Position
If a fibroid is located near the cervix, it may block sperm from entering the uterus, preventing fertilization.
Do All Fibroids Cause Infertility?
Not all fibroids lead to infertility. Many women with fibroids conceive naturally and have healthy pregnancies. The impact on fertility depends largely on:
Size: Larger fibroids (greater than 5 cm) may have a more significant effect.
Location: Submucosal fibroids (inside the uterine cavity) are more likely to interfere with fertility than intramural (within the uterine wall) or subserosal (outside the uterus) fibroids.
Number: The more fibroids present, the higher the risk of complications.
Diagnosis and Treatment Options
If you suspect fibroids are affecting your fertility, a doctor may recommend ultrasound, MRI, or hysteroscopy to assess their size and location.
Treatment Options
Medications – Hormonal treatments like birth control pills or GnRH agonists can shrink fibroids but do not provide a permanent solution.
Myomectomy – A surgical procedure to remove fibroids while preserving the uterus, often recommended for women who wish to conceive.
Uterine Fibroid Embolization (UFE) – A minimally invasive procedure that cuts off blood supply to fibroids, but it may not be ideal for those seeking pregnancy.
Hysteroscopic Resection – If fibroids are inside the uterine cavity, they can be removed through this minimally invasive technique.
Lifestyle Changes – Maintaining a healthy weight, reducing stress, and eating a balanced diet can help manage symptoms.
Can You Get Pregnant After Fibroid Removal?
Yes! Many women successfully conceive after fibroid removal. A myomectomy, in particular, can improve fertility outcomes, especially if fibroids were blocking the fallopian tubes or distorting the uterus.
However, it’s important to wait at least 3-6 months after surgery before trying to conceive, allowing the uterus to heal properly.
